Organisation and control of the labour process

Division of labour:
- Durkheim: creates organic solidarity through interdependence.
  - Overly positive, ignores exploitation.
- Marx: leads to alienation from product, process, self, and others.
  - Neglects positive aspects of skilled work.
Scientific management: (👤 Taylor, 1911) maximises efficiency by breaking jobs into simple tasks controlled by management.
- Increases productivity but reduces worker autonomy.
Fordism: (👤 Ford, 1900s) mass production via assembly line reduces need for skill.
- Creates monotony and job dissatisfaction.
De-skilling: (👤 Braverman, 1974) technology weakens worker power and cheapens labour.
- Some modern technology increases skill requirements.
Post-Fordism: (👥 Piore and Sabel, 1984) flexible, multi-skilled workforce needed for niche markets.
- Not universal, many sectors remain low-paid and insecure.

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