Key research concepts

Reliability: consistency of results.
Validity: accuracy and truthfulness of data.
Representativeness: how well findings reflect the population.
Triangulation: using multiple methods to improve validity.
Operationalisation: defining variables so they can be measured.
Reflexivity: awareness of researcher’s influence on data.
Hawthorne Effect: participants alter behaviour when observed.
Demand characteristics: participants respond in ways they think are expected.
Grounded theory: generating theory inductively from data (👥 Glaser and Strauss, 1967).

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