Aid, trade, industrialisation, urbanisation, environment, and conflict

Aid:
- Bilateral, multilateral, humanitarian, development
- 👤 Sachs (2005) supports a big push.
- 👤 Moyo (2009) warns of dependency.
  - Works best when it builds state capacity and is performance-based.
Trade:
- Comparative advantage vs. dependency on primary exports
- Upgrading through GVCs and industrial policy
  - Smart protection and export promotion can work in early stages
Industrialisation:
- Manufacturing scales productivity
- Raises inequality and ecological stress
  - Green industrial policy is now strategic
Urbanisation: pulls labour to cities, expanding services and informal sector
- 👤 Harvey (2006) links to capital circulation and displacement
  - Requires housing, transport, sanitation investment
Environment:
- Growth pressures ecosystems
- Ecological modernisation backs clean tech and regulation
- Risk society thesis highlights global hazards
  - Climate finance and just transition are pivotal
War and conflict:
- Destroys capital and institutions
- 👤 Collier’s (2003) conflict trap
- MPI is higher where conflict persists
  - - Peace dividends need inclusive growth

Sign up to unlock the rest of this topic — plus every other topic, video, flashcard set and eBook guide in your SnapRevise+ subscription.

Cancel anytime — instant access the moment you sign up.