A-Level Sociology (AQA)

Topic Summaries

Global development

Cultural globalisation

  • 👤 Ritzer (2008): McDonaldisation creates standardised, predictable products, reducing cultural diversity.
  • 👤 Appadurai (1996): cultural flows such as ethnoscapes, mediascapes, and ideoscapes reshape identities across borders.
    • Postmodernists highlight hybridisation rather than cultural loss, while critics see homogenisation of consumer culture.

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