Selection and presentation of the news

Gatekeeping: (👤White, 1950) editors act as gatekeepers, selecting which stories are published and how they are framed.
- Does not fully explain why certain stories are consistently prioritised.
News values: (👥 Galtung and Ruge, 1965) events become newsworthy if they meet criteria such as negativity, immediacy, and personalisation.
- Criteria may change over time, especially with digital media.
Encoding and decoding: (👤 Hall, 1973) news is encoded with dominant ideologies, but audiences can accept, negotiate, or oppose these meanings.
- Some audiences lack access to alternative interpretations

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