GCSE Physics (AQA)

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The Nucleus

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Atomic structure Atoms and isotopes

The Nucleus

2:15 Atomic Structure
Spec 4.4.1.1
Previous Work on a Gas Next Electrons
  • Atoms consist of electrons orbiting around a small nucleus.
  • The nucleus is less than one 10,000th of the radius of an atom.
  • An atom's size is approximately 1 x 10^-10 meters, while a nucleus is about 1 x 10^-14 meters.
  • The atom is less than 1,000,000th the size of a pea.
  • The nucleus contains more than 99.9% of the atom's mass.
  • Most of the atom is empty space as electrons are extremely light.
  • Nuclei are made up of protons and neutrons, which are subatomic particles.
  • Protons are positively charged subatomic particles with a charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs and a mass of 1.67 x 10^-27 kilograms.
  • Neutrons are uncharged subatomic particles with a similar mass to protons.
  • Masses and charges of subatomic particles will be provided in exams.

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