GCSE Chemistry (AQA)

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Neutralisation and Naming Salts

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Chemical changes Reactions of acids

Neutralisation and Naming Salts

14:54 pH and Neutralisation Reactions
Spec 4.4.2.2
Previous Redox Reactions Next Forming Soluble salts
  • Acids react with alkalis to produce a salt and water.
  • Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
  • This reaction is called a neutralization reaction, resulting in a neutral salt solution.
  • Neutralization can be expressed as an ionic equation: H+ (from acid) + OH- (from alkali) ��� H2O.
  • Bases neutralize acids to form salt and water; examples include sodium hydroxide (soluble) and copper hydroxide (insoluble).
  • Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water.
  • Metal carbonates also neutralize acids, forming salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
  • Example: Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) neutralizes hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide.
  • The salt produced in neutralization depends on the acid and the positive ions in the alkali, base, or carbonate.
  • Common acids and their salts: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) produces chloride salts, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) produces sulfate salts, and nitric acid (HNO3) produces nitrate salts.
  • Predicting salt formation involves identifying the positive ion from the base or carbonate and the negative ion from the acid.
  • Example reactions:
  • HCl + NaOH ��� NaCl + H2O
  • H2SO4 + CuO ��� CuSO4 + H2O
  • 2HNO3 + CaCO3 ��� Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
  • Steps to complete and balance equations:
  • 1. Identify reaction type and recall general equation.
  • 2. Determine salt name from positive ion and acid used.
  • 3. Use swap and drop method for salt formula.
  • 4. Write products into the equation.
  • 5. Balance the equation ensuring equal atoms on both sides.
  • Practice writing and balancing equations with various acids, bases, and carbonates.

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