GCSE Chemistry (AQA)

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Graphene

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Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Structure and bonding of carbon

Graphene

2:45 Carbon Structures and Bonding
Spec 4.2.3.3 4.2.2.1
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  • Graphene is a single layer of graphite.
  • Graphite is formed from hexagonal layers of carbon atoms stacked on top of each other.
  • Graphene is the thinnest material on earth, just one atom thick.
  • Graphene has a giant covalent structure made up entirely of carbon atoms covalently bonded together.
  • Each carbon atom in graphene has a strong covalent bond with three other carbon atoms.
  • Graphene has the same hexagonal structure as layers of graphite.
  • Properties of graphene:
  • Strong: Can withstand a large force when pulled, 200 times stronger than steel.
  • High melting point: Around 4,000 degrees Celsius, requiring a lot of energy to break the strong covalent bonds.
  • Conducts electricity: Has delocalized electrons that are free to move, allowing charge to flow.
  • Uses of graphene:
  • Electronics and composites.
  • Applications in computer chips and future graphene polymer composites for touchscreens.
  • Light, flexible, and a good conductor of electricity.
  • Composite materials contain two or more materials with different properties that combine to produce a material with better properties.

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