Factors affecting Germany’s stability (1918–1919)

Supporting Stability	Undermining stability
End of the monarchy allowed for a new democratic government (Weimar Republic)	Defeat, war weariness, and widespread casualties led to national humiliation and anger
Some social reforms attempted to address workers’ and soldiers’ grievances	Economic problems exacerbated by reparations led to hyperinflation and food shortages
Continued industrial capacity in key areas provided potential for recovery	Strikes, passive resistance, and later violent political uprisings

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