GCSE History (Pearson IGCSE)

Weimar and Nazi Germany Topic Summaries

Origins of the Weimar Republic (1918–1919)

Armistice and the November Criminals

  • Friedrich Ebert’s representatives, like Matthias Erzberger, signed a formal agreement with the Allied Powers to end WWI. 
  • This Armistice agreement eventually led to the Treaty of Versailles, the official peace agreement.
  • People who signed the armistice were called ‘November Criminals’ by some Germans who felt betrayed by the surrender.
  • Ebert became the first President of Germany, with Philipp Scheidemann as Chancellor. The new government met in Weimar in February 1919 to draft a new constitution.

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