Factors affecting Germany’s stability (1871–1918)

Supporting Stability	Undermining Stability
Strong central authority of the Kaiser	Limited democracy caused resentment
Loyal and powerful army	Growing support for major political revolution
Economic growth from industrialisation	Social inequality and hardship in industrial cities
National pride from naval expansion	Rising international tensions
Strong, loyal state institutions	WWI defeat
Prussian unification fostered patriotism and shared German identity	Political discontent amongst liberals, socialists, and reformers

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