GCSE History (CCEA)

Weimar and Nazi Germany Topic Summaries

Early challenges to the Weimar Republic (1919–1923)

Reasons for economic recovery under Stresemann

  • Gustav Stresemann ended passive resistance in the Ruhr in 1923, which reduced government spending and helped restore stability to the German economy.
  • He then introduced the Rentenmark in 1923 to replace the worthless old currency. This greatly reduced hyperinflation and restored public and international confidence.
  • The Dawes Plan (1924) restructured Germany’s reparations payments by making them more affordable and linking them to Germany’s ability to pay.
  • Under the Dawes Plan, the USA provided large loans to Germany, which were used to rebuild industry, infrastructure, and housing. American investment helped modernise German factories and increase industrial production, leading to economic growth and lower unemployment.
  • The Young Plan (1929) further reduced the total amount of reparations and extended the repayment period, easing long-term financial pressure on Germany.
  • Together, these measures created a period of economic stability known as the ‘Golden Years’ of the Weimar Republic.

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