GCSE Biology (Pearson IGCSE)

Topic Summaries

Photosynthesis and respiration

Anaerobic respiration

  • Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen. As it is the incomplete oxidation of glucose, much less energy is released than in aerobic respiration.
  • Anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles in humans.
    • Word equation: \(\text{glucose}\longrightarrow\text{lactic acid}\)
    • The incomplete oxidation of glucose produces lactic acid.
  • Anaerobic respiration takes place in plant and yeast cells.
    • Word equation: \(\text{glucose}\longrightarrow\text{ethanol} + \text{carbon dioxide}\)
    • Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation and is used in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks.

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