Genetically modified animals and bacteria (HT ONLY)

Animals can be genetically engineered to produce necessary molecules (e.g. sheep can be engineered to produce proteins used in medicine).
Modern medical research in animals is exploring the possibility of genetic modification to overcome some inherited disorders.
Bacterial cells have been genetically engineered to produce useful substances, such as human insulin to treat diabetes.
This enables bacteria to produce insulin at a high yield and produces human insulin, which is safer to use than pig or cattle insulin. However, some people are cautious of the effects of using GM medicines on human health.

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