A-Level Sociology (AQA)

Topic Summaries

Sociological perspectives

Realism

  • Right realism: crime results from individual choice, weak social control, and inadequate deterrents (e.g.👥 Wilson and Kelling’s (1982) broken windows theory and zero tolerance policing).
  • Left realism: crime results from relative deprivation, subcultures, and marginalisation (👥 Lea and Young, 1984).This branch emphasises community-based solutions and tackling inequality.
    • Each side underplays structural or cultural causes and perspective of the other

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