Different educational achievement: ethnicity

External factors:
- 👤 Engelmann (1996): some minority language patterns hinder education.
- 👤 Murray (1988): lone-parent families reduce male role models.
- 👤 Sewell (1997): African- Caribbean boys lack ‘tough love’ and are drawn to antischool subcultures.
- 👤 Pryce (1979): Asians more resistant to racism due to history.
- 👤 Palmer (2002): minority groups more likely to face poverty.
- 👥 Wood et al. (2009): field experiment found racial discrimination in job applications.
Internal factors:
- 👤 Wright (1992): teachers hold assumptions about Asian pupils.
- 👥 Gillborn and Youdell (2000): racial expectations lead to harsher discipline and banding.
- 👤 Coard (1971): ethnocentric curriculum undermines Black children’s self-esteem.
- 👤 Archer (1998): pupil identities shape treatment: ideal, pathologised, demonised.
- 👤 Fuller (1984): Black girls resist negative labels.
- 👤 Sewell (1997): Black boys respond to racism in varied ways: conformists, innovators, retreatists, rebels

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